五言诗起源于什么时期？

2023-07-14 00:56:57

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　　五言诗大约起源于西汉而在东汉末年趋于成熟。

　　当然，《诗经》中早就有五言的句子，如《召南·行露》:"谁谓雀无角，何以穿我屋?谁谓女无家，何以速我狱?"汉魏六朝时期的诗作，以五言为主。说明五言诗形成于此一时期。古代本有五言诗起于李陵《与苏武诗》的说法，但后人多加以否认，如苏轼题(文选动便说:"李陵、苏武，五言皆伪。"又有说五言起于《古诗十九首》，也未获广泛赞同。大抵五言诗系吸收汉族民歌的形式而成。五言诗秦始皇时的汉族民歌《长城谣》:"生男慎勿举，生女哺用脯。不见长城下，尸骸相支柱。"就是使用五言。汉代的乐府诗如《江南》、《白头吟》、《陌上桑》、《孔雀东南飞》等也是五言。文人作的五言诗，一般认为最早的要算班固的《咏史》。五言的句式是在四言的基础上每句增加一个字，在句子的节奏上增加了一拍，形成了二二一或二一二的节拍群。由于不同节奏在诗中交错运用，就使句式更富于变化，更具有音乐感。

　　另外，由四言变为五言，使句子在语法成分上增加了容量，使一个句子可以容纳主语、谓语或宾语同时出现，从而增强了句子的表现力。《诗品·序》说:"五言居文词之要，是众作之有滋味者也。"历史上的诗作总量，以五言诗为最多。唐人写有大量的五言古风及五言律绝，如李白、杜甫等人的作品。五言诗以首句不入韵为常式，间也有首句入韵的。五言古风多是一韵到底，甚少换韵，这与五言律绝诗相似。柳宗元的第五首《饮酒》也是五言诗。

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　　五言诗是每句五个字的诗体。它作为一种独立的诗体，大约起源于西汉而在东汉末年趋于成熟。